At the time of the meeting, race relations in America had been rocked by the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling, which had outlawed school segregation. Elijah Muhammad was a black American leader of the religious and social movement known as the 'Nation of Islam' (NOI). Keying on their mutual disdain for race mixing, the Klansman attacked as wrongheaded the current student sit-in demonstrations by Black and white freedom riders from the North. They didnt really hate all n-----s, he said, in an attempt to break the ice. Free shipping for many products! In 1934 Master W. Fard Muhammad departed the scene and left the Honorable Elijah Muhammad with the mission of resurrecting the Black man and woman. In 1931, Elijah Muhammad crossed paths with Wallace D. Fard while he listened to his Islamic preaching and the empowerment speeches that he has to the black community. Elijah Muhammad, the legacy of the Nation of Islam continues to make unlimited progress as witnessed in the miracle of the Two Million Man March among other truly amazing accomplishments. Elijah Muhammad. Was this a veiled threat? Mr Muhammad said he committed himself to jail after learning what had happened. At the critical moment, however, the national spokesman restrained himself from pulling the trap door, laboring as he was under the strictures laid down by Elijah Muhammadand with Jeremiah X taking note. A Mysterious Messenger The death of the 77yearold Messenger of Allah, as his followers called him, came as thousands of Muslims were gathering in Chicago for their biggest annual religious celebration, Saviour's Day, scheduled for tomorrow. Yes, sir, answered the minister at the screen door. Walcott, as he was then known, was raised in Boston by his mother, Sarah Mae Manning, an immigrant from St. Kitts and Nevis. Give us something we can call our own. In 2015 he led a march in Washington, D.C., to mark the 20th anniversary of the Million Man March. He is famous for being a Politician. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The original telegram was thrown out, according to Jeremiah X (later known as Jeremiah Shabazz). Muhammad died from congestive heart failure at the age of 77 on February 25, 1975, the day before Saviours' Day, at Mercy Hospital in Chicago, Illinois.[1]. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Still, like Elijah Muhammads request for Klan assistance in land acquisition, the issue was left dangling. By January 1961, King had come to personify Black peoples relentless push for desegregation throughout the South. It was a man who joined the Nation of Islam in prison, however, who gave the movement its greatest exposure. Remember now, they even teach you that you must not hate them for hating you.. He moved to the city of Chicago in September of that same year. Mr. But by 1963 Malcolm X was disenchanted, while denying that he was a rival of Mr. Muhammad, for top leadership. Everywhere he advises you to go, go. Warith Deen Mohammed, original name Wallace D. Muhammad, (born Oct. 30, 1933, Detroit, Mich., U.S.died Sept. 9, 2008, Markham, Ill.), American religious leader, son and successor of Elijah Muhammad as head of the Nation of Islam, which he reformed and moved toward inclusion within the worldwide Islamic community. He is remembered for having acted as the Nation of Islam (NOI) leader. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The son of sharecroppers and former slaves, Muhammad moved to Detroit in 1923 where, around 1930, he became assistant minister to the founder of the sect, Wallace D. Fard, at Temple No. After an appeal, Budzinski ruled again in favor of the children in July 1986. Malcolm envisioned himself grabbing the Georgia Klan by the earand riding the wolf in its very own den, all at the behest of Elijah Muhammad. Like many of his fellow migrants, Poole found a job in the automobile industry until the Depression forced his family to go on relief for two years. He changed his name, became leader of the movement and moved its headquarters to Chicago in 1934. 0312181531. World Telegram & Sun photo by Stanley Wolfson, Courtesy US Library of Congress (LC-USZ62-116389), African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. Elijah Muhammad (born October 7, 1897) is famous for being politician. Elizabeth, observing from the sidelines, was not amused. Elijah Muhammad (1 - 40 of 61 results) Price ($) Shipping The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad Charcoal Pencil Drawing Print ColoredArtistry (1) $35.00 Elijah Muhammad Framed Poster with Biography BlackHistoryPhotos (20) $85.00 FREE shipping Elijah Muhammad - Wall Art Print - Modern Black Art Poster panafricangifts (275) $23.99 $29.99 (20% off) Although he had registered as a conscientious objector with the Selective Service, he refused, at his fathers insistence, to accept alternative service, and in 1961 he was sentenced to prison for draft evasion. (A rousing round of applause ensued). The Muslims viewed King as a chief rival. Elijah Muhammad Nevertheless, the atmosphere of rancor on both sides made ripe the environment for the secret police to meddle in the affairs of the Nation of Islam, according the late attorney, William Kuntsler. Mr. Muhammad avoided their evil plan and went to Washington, D.C. to study and build a mosque there. at the best online prices at eBay! Later he was promoted to the position of "Supreme Minister" and his name was changed to Muhammad. There were some good n-----s, he said to the nodding grins of his colleagues. And he had grown up convinced beyond all arguments that this same Ku Klux Klan had killed his father. Warith Deen Mohammed, original name Wallace D. Muhammad, (born Oct. 30, 1933, Detroit, Mich., U.S.died Sept. 9, 2008, Markham, Ill.), American religious leader, son and successor of Elijah Muhammad as head of the Nation of Islam, which he reformed and moved toward inclusion within the worldwide Islamic community. Product Identifiers. Malcolm X to the post of National Spokesman, and began to syndicate his weekly newspaper column, "Mr. Muhammad Speaks," in Black newspapers across the country. Ultimately, the charges were later dropped, and the officials were freed and Mr. Muhammad received six months' probation to take the Muslim children out of the Islamic school and put them under white Christian teachers. Elijah Muhammad breathed last on February 25th, in 1975 following congestive heart failure. Where home, school and church had failed many of the followers, Mr. Muhammad had succeeded. In a faceoff with the most murderous white devils in America, the Nations separate state program sounded like a plea rather than the assertion that Malcolm envisioned. He was the leader of the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975, and both Louis Farrakhan and Malcolm X were his disciples. 7. The short and scrawny stranger wore a black fedora with an unusually high crown, like a witchs hat, Jeremiah later said. Rev. The self-proclaimed "Messenger of Allah," Elijah Muhammad was the leader of the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. If we are going to be partners in this thing, then give us a white robe like what you have.. Mr. Kuntsler cited a declassified memo obtained through the Freedom of Information Act that revealed that the U.S. Government played a role in the 1965 assassination of Brother Malcolm X. The documentary misrepresents the message of the Nation of Islam, calling it a hate teaching. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. He moved to Detroit in the 1920s, where he met Wali Farad, founder of the movement there. Muhammad was one of the leaders of his group. By the mid-sixties, Mr. Muhammad's ever-growing Islamic movement extended itself to more than 60 cities and settlements abroad in Ghana, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America among others places, according to the Muhammad Speaks newspaper, the religion's chief information apparatus. He successfully guided his group to move to Chicago. Elijah Muhammad was a prominent American Muslim who advocated black nationalism for African Americans. However, he was quickly arrested again this time he was imprisoned for four years at the Federal Correctional Institution situated in Michigan. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Messenger Elijah Muhammad's Theology of Time Lecture Series, Paperback by Muh. In this period Elijah Muhammad was arrested for contributing to the delinquency of a minor because he sent his children to the University of Islam instead of to Detroit's public schools. The Honorable Minister Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975) can be seen as one of the most influential men of the 20th century. Malcolm X was assassinated one year later by, as many believe, a direct order of Muhammad. But this was not an ambush. Muhammad was born on October 7, 1897 . We want white robes., Returning to the stalemate over racial segregation versus separation, Malcolm chided the Klansmen that they shouldnt be able to segregate him and give him what they want him to have, instead of what he should have. In 1976 Mohammed renamed the organization the World Community of al-Islam in the West; the name was changed again to the American Muslim Mission in 1978 and to the Muslim American Society in 1985. After World War II ended, Mr. Muhammad won his release from prison and returned to Chicago. He struck a note nowhere near as assertive toward the Klan as Malcolm had hoped. It was the name the white slave-master of my grandfather after the so-called freedom of my fathers.". Initially, the Klansman did not state the intended purpose of the surreptitious surveillancebut he left little doubt. Occasionally, the sly hotspur within Malcolm compelled him to disobey his sovereigns orders that he humbly petition the Klansmen. If he can carry you across the lake without dropping you in; he don't say when you get on the other side, 'You see what I have done?' As was his practice, Mr. Fard gave his followers their original name, and the man who came to him as Elijah Poole received the name Elijah Muhammad. El Hajj Malik ElShabazzMalcolm X. Malcolm X joined the Nation of Islam in a Massachusetts prison. However, in 1982, Cook County Judge Henry Budzinski ruled that the money was given to Elijah Muhammad for his personal use and should be turned over to his children . He kept coming to work late, so I took a stick and whipped that n-----, Fellows said. Omissions? Once and for all, a squaring-off with the Klan leader could clarify the Muslim stances on integration, Christianity, mixed marriage, the Jews, miscegenation and even violence. Never had he imagined that this nonviolent Baptist minister, who preached Black kindness and charity for ones enemies, could evoke such toxic venom, such genuine hatred from the very grassroots whites whom King continually encouraged his followers to love. All Rights Reserved. Elijah Muhammad was a religious leader, author, and self proclaimed Messenger of Allah (God) who led the Nation of Islam (NOI) from 1934 until his death in 1975. Elijah Muhammad Dead; Black Muslim Leader, 77, https://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/26/archives/elijah-muhammad-dead-black-muslim-leader-77-elijah-muhammad-dead.html. Although details had not been hashed out, it was clear that Elijah Muhammads request for Klan assistance in acquiring a parcel of land had figured somehow in the Klan leaders boast. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. (Religious Leader) Elijah Muhammad was a black American leader of the religious and social movement known as the 'Nation of Islam' (NOI). "When the call was made for all males between 18 and 44, I refused (NOT EVADED) on the grounds that, first, I was a Muslim and would not take part in war and especially not on the side with the infidels," he wrote in "Message To The Blackman." Another group, retaining both the name and the founding principles of Elijah Muhammads original Nation of Islam, was established under the leadership of Louis Farrakhan. The slavemaster has given you all he could give you. Las mejores ofertas para Messenger Elijah Muhammad's: Theology Of Time Lecture Series.by Muhammad New<| estn en eBay Compara precios y caractersticas de productos nuevos y usados Muchos artculos con envo gratis! Back in 1956, his Montgomery, Alabama, home had been bombed, and ensuing threats created a constant and justified fear for his life and safety. There were thugs, dope addicts and prostitutes in the Nation of Islam. The cautious Witch Hat seemed not altogether reassured. In abandoning their pursuit of integration, Malcolm stated, Black folks would need a nest egg so they could strike out on their own with a separate but appropriate share of the wealth they had helped accumulate in America. This was a planned meeting between the Nation of Islam and the Ku Klux Klan, and it had an agenda. However, in 1982, Cook County Judge Henry Budzinski ruled that the money was given to Elijah Muhammad for his personal use and should be turned over to his children with the interest accrued. He nevertheless maintained a fairly high profile, giving online sermons in addition to his public speeches. Early Life Elijah Muhammad was born Elijah Robert Poole on October 7th, in 1897. Publicity in the white owned and operated media began to circulate anti-Nation of Islam propaganda on a large scale. In 1953 he married Khadijah, with whom he would have nine children. Farrakhan also said that he wanted all Nation of Islam members to become auditors, practitioners of Scientologys one-on-one counseling process that is meant to facilitate individuals handling of their engrams, which, according to the practices of Scientology, are mental images of past experiences that produce negative emotional effects in ones life. He was born in Sandersville, Ga., on Oct. 7, 1897. Following Elijah Muhammad's death, the bank turned over the $3.3 million account to the Black Muslim movement, called the Nation of Islam, then headed by Warith Deen Muhammad. Yet, they diddled with Elijah Muhammads division-of-the-wealth proposition like so many day laborers contemplating the breakup, say, of the United Kingdom. His parents were sharecroppersand former slaves. As Malcolm maneuvered for the key role at the Messengers table, Jeremiah X listened quietly. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Following Elijah Muhammads death, the bank turned over the $3.3 million account to the Black Muslim movement, called the Nation of Islam, then headed by Warith Deen Muhammad. Just before the roaring twenties came in, Elijah Poole married the former Clara Evans, also of Georgia. Mr. Muhammad, a small man about 5 feet 5 inches tall with a high, thin voice, held court in his offices, listening to aides, weighing their reports by balancing what they said with the qualities he saw in them as individuals. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Under Farrakhans leadership, the Nation was one of the fastest growing of the various Muslim movements in the country. At the time when he was given parole in 1952, he had already committed his self to the nation of Islam. Many blacks did not buy that explanation. Everywhere you see him, look at him. Membership was increasing when, in 1955, Brief history on origin of the Nation of Islam, https://noi.org/esp-honorable-elijah-muhammad/, 68 Years of Service: A Gift of Gratitude to The Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan, FBI COINTELPRO: The U.S. Governments War Against Dissent. Corrections? Elijah Muhammad appeared to have other ideas entirely. African American religious leader Elijah Muhammad was the leader of the Nation of Islam ("Black Muslims") during their period of greatest growth in the mid-twentieth century. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Also, after assuming the leadership of the Temple of Islam by the order of the Founder of the Nation of Islam, Mr. Muhammad faced a death plot at the hands of a few disgruntled members. Poole joined the organization in 1931, changed his name to Elijah Muhammad and soon became such a devoted disciple that Fard made him Chief Minister of Islam. Actually, the concepts preached and practiced by Mr. Muhammad were handed to him by the founder of the Nation of Islam, W. D. Fard, or Master Farad Muhammad. He was known under many names, "Mr. Evans," his wife's maiden name, "Ghulam Bogans," "Muhammad Rassoull," "Elijah Karriem" and "Muhammad of 'U' Street. After Malcolm Xs break with the Nation in 1964 over political and personal differences with Elijah Muhammad, Farrakhan replaced Malcolm as head minister of Harlems Temple No. During World War II he advised followers to avoid the draft, as a result of which he was charged with violating the Selective Service Act and was jailed (194246). Mr. Fard and Mr. Muhammad were building a Northern urban movement in bad economic times with predominantly Southernborn blacks. Black Muslims were accused of killing seven persons associated with the Hanafi Muslims in Washington two years ago. At no point during the meeting did the Muslim ministers refer to whites as devils, blue-eyed or otherwise, as was their usual practice. The Atlanta showplace, with a sweeping marquee that had headlined such movie extravaganzas as Billy Grahams Souls in Conflict, was this night staging a massive anti-integration rally featuring the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc., as the nations largest Klan group was officially called. In order to strengthen the international influence of the Nation, Farrakhan established relations with Muslim countries, and in the late 1980s he cultivated a relationship with the Libyan dictator Muammar al-Qaddafi. Mr. Muhammad quickly became an integral part of the Temple of Islam. The international media had made King a clear and present problem for Southern white segregationists, including the knights of the Georgia Ku Klux Klan. Doubling down, Malcolm made it clear that his objection to such collusion with the Klan was as stark and impenetrable as Stone Mountain. 1) in the early 1930s. Well make yall like a partner, Fellows explainedlike an auxiliary. The Detroit experience was as critical to his later activities as were his modest beginnings. Elijah Muhammad, as one of the assistanats, became very close to Mr. Fard, and after Mr. Fard disappeared in 1934, Elijah Muhammad became the Minister of Islam. Among the many new members enrolled in the ranks of Islam included Brother Malcolm X and his family. Each group determined that its involvement in this cross-racial affair must be kept secret. "We have with us today," the Messenger continued, "our great national preacher. In 1965, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad promoted Minister Louis Farrakhan to the post of National Representative. Although Mr. Muhammad personally enjoyed disasters that befell whites, seeing them as Allah's work, he sought to prevent any public expression of Muslim enjoyment of the event. Thirty-four years after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad was born on or about Oct. 7, 1897 in Sandersville, Georgia. The Georgia imperial wizard, Wild Bill Davidson, unveiled a secret weapon to combat integration that included moving all of the Black people in Georgia to a central location, Atlanta, if necessary, according to the news account of the rally in the Sunday, January 29, 1961, edition of the Atlanta Journal and Constitution. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. and author of The Black Muslims in America., Dr. Charles V. Hamilton, a political scientist and member of the Columbia University faculty, said Elijah Muhammad was one of the few who has been able to combine religion and race with a rather continuing economic influence.. Copyright 1997 NPR. Early life "This I did not do," he said. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Racial turmoil in the area had become a federal matter. Corrections? He was a major promoter of independent, black-operated businesses, institutions, and religion. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali; and his son Warith Deen Mohammed. Yet, he would refer to the Mother Plane, a, mysterious space ship with superior beings, giant black gods or something like that, that patrolled the universe, keeping an eye on the devil and ready to rescue Black Muslims from the Armageddon. Exploring the opening, he then stated that his spiritual leader stood willing to accept the help of those white people, including the Klan, who would assist Black people in obtaining this land to maintain their own businesses and government. As ordered by the Messenger, the national spokesman of the NOI requested directly that the KKK assist the Muslims in acquiring a piece of land for Blacks, perhaps a county for starters, somewhere in the Deep South. As a boy, Mohammed received religious training in the tradition of the Nation, and in 1958 he was appointed minister of Temple No. 1897-1975 Elijah Muhammad guided the Nation of Islam from its modest beginnings during the Great Depression, when a handful of African Americans met in a Detroit storefront, to its meteoric rise after World War II. Excerpted from The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X by Les Payne and Tamara Payne. The others were dressed more casually, including a rural politician in long sleeves. These principles also brought down upon the Nation of Islam scorn from black and white Americans. Elijah Muhammad, its spiritual and supreme leader, established the group's headquarters in Chicago (Mosque No. God Himself didnt intend for them to get along together as brothers and sisters because we are two distinct people, and therefore, the Muslims want complete, total separation, Malcolm stated. He was previously married to Clara Evans. Warith Deen Muhammad, Muhammads eldest son and the new leader of the religious group, which is now called the American Muslim Mission, maintained that the money belonged to the organization. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. His reforms were intended to bring the organization into line with traditional Sunni Islam and to move it away from the unique interpretation of Islam espoused by his father. The Klan request embarrassed Malcolm, according to Jeremiah and his wife, and it likely disheartened and shamed him as well. Dispassionate as usual when asserting NOI doctrine, Muhammad . Omissions? Elijah Muhammad was born on October 7th, in 1897. During the 1950s, Mr. Muhammad promoted Min. Probing for common ground on their terms, Fellows said the Klan had gotten a bad reputation in the press. Using the Nation of Islam's religious . 2) with significant chapters in New York, Boston, Los Angeles and Philadelphia. In April 1923, Elijah Poole moved his young family from Macon, Georgia, where he worked for the Southern Railroad Company and the Cherokee Brick Company to Detroit, Mich. Black families, like the Pooles, were leaving the south, at that time, in search of better economic and social circumstances. Our problem is the bad n-----s. You dont like bad n-----s, yourselves. Fellows said flat-out that he had beat a few of these bad n-----s. One was a lazy worker bent on tardiness. Well take care of the violence.. The group gained more followers due to his renewed efforts in getting more members to join. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. The first biography of Muhammad's life traces his humble beginnings . Unbeknownst to Malcolm and Jeremiah, this initiative from the most violent, self-declared white racist group in America was being monitored by the FBI. (He chuckled)-c'mon around here where they can see you. He died on February 25, 1975 in . And Sunni Muslims in Brooklyn were said by the police to have tried to steal guns from a sporting goods store to prepare for a war with Black Muslims. He changed his own name to Warith Deen Mohammed and adopted the title of imam instead of Supreme Minister. See the article in its original context from. The informants notes disclosed to date no record of the death threat the Klan proposed against King. Farrakhan. Later, he was released on bail. Muhammad, Mr. Schuyler wrote in 1959, may be a rogue and a charlatan, but when anybody can get tens of thousands of Negroes to practice economic solidarity, respect their women, alter their atrocious diet, give up liquor, stop crime, juvenile delinquency and adultery, he is doing more for Negroes welfare than any current Negro leader I know.. Elijah Muhammad believed that the white race was created by Yakub, a Black scientist, and that Allah had allowed this devilish race to hold power for 6,000 years. Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. Its all the same thing to us, Fellows said finally. On February 25, 1975, Elijah Muhammad died in Chicago, Illinois. When Fard disappeared in 1934 Muhammad succeeded him as head of the movement, with the title Minister of Islam. Because of dissension within the Detroit temple, he moved to Chicago where he established Temple No. In 1972, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad opened a $2 million mosque and school in Chicago. 9780312181536. eBay Product ID (ePID) On July 4, 1930, the long awaited "Saviour" of the Black man and woman, Master W. Fard Muhammad, appeared in this city. Indeed, life in the rural South at the turn of the century was quite hard. Mr. Fard selected Minister of Islam and a staff of assistant ministers. His place of birth was in Sandersville in Georgia. However, he never publicly detailed his meeting with the white knights at the kitchen table of Jeremiah Xs house. It also worked with gang members in Los Angeles. In watching Minister Louis Farrakhan and the followers of the Hon. By the early 1960s, the Readers Digest magazine described Mr. Muhammad as the most powerful Black man in America. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Warith-Deen-Mohammed, BlackPast - Biography of Warith Deen Mohammed, Independent - Warith Deen Mohammed: Imam who preached a moderate form of Islam to black Americans, PBS - This Far by Faith - Warith Deen Mohammed. Where funds are solicited to benefit a religious organization, we believe that basic principles of equity and fair dealing should preclude the use of those funds to benefit the personal estate of the religious leader, wrote Appellate Court Justice Mel Jiganti in the courts opinion. In 1995 the Nation sponsored the Million Man March in Washington, D.C., to promote African American unity and family values. We know he lives around here somewhere, but we dont know where, said Fellows, in a whisper. Louis Farrakhan, in full Louis Abdul Farrakhan, original name Louis Eugene Walcott, (born May 11, 1933, Bronx, New York, New York, U.S.), leader (from 1978) of the Nation of Islam, an African American movement that combined elements of Islam with Black nationalism. But in a 1930 Depressionridden Detroit, The Prophet, as he was known to customers who bought the fabrics he peddled from doortodoor, created the Temple of Islam. Members and mosques continued to be attacked by whites in Monroe, La., Los Angeles, Calif., and Flint, Mich., among others. The appellate court overturned that ruling Thursday. The mere mention of the 32-year-old Atlanta-based civil rights leader shifted the mood of the room. He has been featured in Ebony Magazine's December 2017 issue and has earned 120,000 followers on Instagram. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. His program called for the establishment of a separate nation for black Americans and the adoption of a religion based on the worship of Allah and on the belief that blacks are his chosen people. Elijah Muhammad's ascent is another instance of a black man from a small Southern town who achieved national eminence as a religious leader. Real Media. In reply, Malcolm stated emphatically that the Muslims would not participate in any violence against King or any other action hurting our own kind. Even though the Honorable Elijah Muhammad considered Dr. King to be leading Black people astray, his national spokesperson stated in as sharp and unmistakable words as Malcolm could muster that the NOI would in no way do physical harm to the SCLC leader. (Occasionally, he spent time in Phoenix, where the climate relieved some of his asthmatic dikomfort.).
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